capra

Caper in the jumping sense goes back to goats. Late Latin capra and related Romance forms influenced verbs for frisking or leaping in Italian and French. English borrowed caper in the 16th century as a nimble jump. Animal motion became human style.

The criminal-heist sense arrived much later through underworld and theatrical slang. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, caper could mean a prank, exploit, or criminal adventure. Film and pulp fiction then fixed the modern heist flavor. Semantics drifted from movement to plot.

The split meanings coexisted without confusion because context did the sorting. Dance dictionaries kept the kinetic sense while crime narratives foregrounded the scheme sense. The same word could be ballet or burglary. English enjoys that kind of overlap.

Today caper usually suggests playful illegality in media. It softens crime with wit, often on purpose. The older leaping core still flickers in the tone. Mischief still jumps.