sosumi

Sosumi

sosumi

English

Apple's joke at its own expense, spelled out in every Mac alert.

In 1991, Jim Reekes was a sound designer at Apple Computer in Cupertino, California, working on the system sounds for System 7 of the Macintosh operating system. He had composed a short melodic chime that he intended to use as a generic alert tone. When he played it for his manager, he was told to rename it immediately: Apple was then in the middle of a legal dispute with Apple Corps, The Beatles' record label, over the use of the Apple name in anything that could be construed as musical.

Reekes renamed the sound 'Sosumi,' a phonetic spelling of the phrase 'so sue me.' The joke ran in two directions. It acknowledged that Apple Computer was walking a legal line by publishing a musical sound file while being sued for exactly that kind of overlap. It also expressed the defiance of a programmer who thought the situation had become absurd. Apple Corps had first sued Apple Computer in 1978 and would continue to do so until 2006; Sosumi was the sound department's editorial response.

System 7 shipped in May 1991 with Sosumi as one of its named alert sounds, alongside Indigo, Quack, Boing, and others. The name appeared in the system's Sound control panel, which meant every Macintosh user who opened that panel and read the list saw the joke without being told it was one. The word sat there, labeled, for anyone curious enough to say it aloud.

Sosumi entered tech vocabulary as a specific proper noun and, over time, as a shorthand for any private joke embedded in software as a comment, a variable name, or a file label. The practice had existed before: programmers had hidden messages in code since the 1970s. But Sosumi had a legal dimension that earlier Easter eggs lacked, and that made it legible to non-programmers as something more than whimsy.

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Today

Sosumi still ships with macOS, nearly 35 years after Reekes created it. Apple has kept the sound and its name through successive operating system generations, even after the Apple-Apple Corps dispute was finally settled in 2007. The joke outlasted the lawsuit.

The word is now used by researchers in software studies and design history as a case of embedded authorship: the moment when a creator's voice persisted through a product that was otherwise anonymous. Sosumi is what it sounds like when a programmer stops writing for the machine and starts writing for the future reader. So sue me.

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Frequently asked questions about sosumi

What does Sosumi mean?

Sosumi is a phonetic spelling of the English phrase so sue me. Jim Reekes, the Apple sound designer who created it in 1991, chose the name as a private comment on Apple Computer's ongoing legal battles with The Beatles' record label Apple Corps.

Who created the Sosumi sound?

Jim Reekes, a sound designer at Apple Computer, created Sosumi in 1991 for Mac System 7. He originally named the sound Chime but was told to rename it because Apple was in a legal dispute with Apple Corps over music-related branding.

Why was the Apple sound named Sosumi?

Reekes named it Sosumi, a phonetic rendering of so sue me, because Apple Corps had sued Apple Computer over music-related branding. The name embedded a programmer's editorial comment in a file that shipped to millions of users.

Is Sosumi still in use today?

Yes. Sosumi has shipped with every version of Mac OS and macOS since System 7 in 1991. Apple retained the sound and its name even after settling the dispute with Apple Corps in 2007.